2012年mba英语词汇英译汉辅导:重要短语及句型(二)
“名词+or+名词”结构中or后的名词是同位语,应译为“即……;或者称……”
例1:Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.
译文:再者,除机器外技术还包括技艺,即制作方法,而动用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。
“only + to do”意为“……,结果却……”,即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。
例1: They don‘t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, onlyto discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.
译文:他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的票,(如果去了,)结果却可能发现,所演的节目令人失望。
例2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled.
译文:他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿,结果却发现会议被取消了。
not more / -er than 与 no more / -er than 结构
比较:
John is not better than Tom.
John is no better than Tom.
前一句表示“约翰不比汤姆好”,属于普通的比较结构;后一例用了no 情况就不同了。no better than 相当于as bad as,含义是两人一样坏。这里,“no + 形容词或副词比较级 + than”所表示的可以说是该形容词或副词的反意。
例如: no richer than = as poor as 和……一样穷
no bigger than = as small as 和……一样小
no later than = as early as 和……一样早
同样地:
I have not taken more than six courses this semester.
I have taken no more than six courses this semester.
前一句的含义是本学期选的课不多于六门;后一句的含义是只选了六门。强调“少”。
上述结构与表示前后都否定的no more...than (= not...any more than)又有所不同:
例:A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(鲸和马同样不是鱼。)
另外,在某些结构中,单独使用more than 也能表示否定概念:
例1:That is more than I can tell. 我简直不能说。
例2:My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不仅仅是旅游观光而已。
no more...than... (= not...any more than) 和……—样都不……(表示前后都否定)
例1:The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. 心脏和胃一样都无智力可言,因为它们都是由大脑控制的。
例2:There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.
译文:他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命,就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
例3:More and more Afro-Americans see him as a tricky enemy who has no more love for them than he has for the Congolese.
译文:越来越多的美国黑人认识到他是个诡计多端的敌人。他仇视美国黑人,正像他仇视刚果人民一样。(直译:…,他不爱美国黑人,正像他不爱刚果人一样。)
注释:not...any more than是no more...than的一种强调形式。
例如:
1) Jack is no more intelligent than John. (=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.)
杰克与约翰一样都不聪明。
2) A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak.) 人不会飞翔,就像鸟不会说话一样。
3) As a nation, the French are no more eager to 1earn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. (=As a nation,the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese.)
作为一个国家,法国正如日本一样不积极地从他们的战争失败中吸取教训。
上述例句表明,no more...than并不表示比较,而是表示比喻,含有比喻意义的比较级用于否定时,than后面的从句不用否定式,但译成汉语时要用否定式。而与上述句型意义相反的是:no less...than,意为:“和……同样是……”。例如:
Human is no less an animal than a monkey is. 人和猴都是动物。
而no less than 的意思为:“简直是,实在是”,例如:
1) It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price. 如此索要高价,简直是敲诈。
2) It is no less than a scandal. 这实在是一件丑闻。
发布者:yinjiaru
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