1.以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
Themain/importantpoint/conclusion/reason….Thepointtonotehere…
2.以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:
Therearethreemajorreasons…
3.but和however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:
Therisingbirthrateisnotduetoincreasedfertility,buttoasharpdeclineinthedeathrate.
4.在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:
Whyisapipedwatersupplysoimportant?Diseaseduetocontaminatedwaterisacommoncauseofdeathinchildhood.
5.有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
Deathcontrolcanbeachievedautonomously.Inotherwords,thedeathratecanbecutwithoutanythingelsechanging.
6.文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
Thereforetheresult,Inconclusionwecanconclude,Oneoftheprimaryconclusions
7.举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
Forexample/instancelike,Suchastheseinclude,Toillustrateamongtheseare
有时,也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
Thedevelopingcountriesaredependentoncashcrops–sugar,coffee,cacao,cotton.Precipitating/violent/unexpectedfactorsarethosewhichreducethefoodsupply…
在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:
Themainreasonforthereductioninthedeathrateinthedevelopingworldhasbeenimprovedpublichealthmeasures.Forexample,inSriLankathedeathratewashalvedovertenyearsbysprayingthemosquitoeswhichcarrymalaria.
Whyisitsoeasytocutthedeathrateinthiswayandyetsohardtoreducethebirthrate?Oneansweristhatpublichealthmeasurescanbeverycheap.Anti-malarialsprayingisinexpensive.Butthisisnottheimportantpoint.Forbirthcontrolprogrammestobesuccessful,achangeinattitudeisrequired,whereasdeathcontrolcanbeachievedautonomously.Inotherwords,thedeathratecanbecutwithoutanythingelsechanging.
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